This Analysis examines the concept of “food security” and the challenges of sourcing and supplying agrifood commodities. By focusing on the Arabian Peninsula, it highlights the distinctive strategies of countries facing severe environmental limitations but equipped with considerable investment power and far-reaching ambitions. While diversifying sources of supply is a priority in the Gulf, establishing strategic stocks and seeking self‑sufficiency for targeted agricultural products are also major objectives of governments. Gulf states are intensifying domestic investment initiatives to position themselves as pilot sites and test hubs for future agrifood systems, while expanding their international investment portfolios to enhance their global influence.